Mayer and roxana moreno and presented in their paper nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning in 2003. Mayer, richard e university of california, santa barbara, ca, us. Anderson james lester paul chandler patricia mautone. Multimedia learning is a cognitive theory of learning which has been popularized by the work of richard e. Mayer published 2014 a fundamental hypothesis underlying research on multimedia learning is that multimedia instructional messages that are designed in light of how the. Principles of multimedia learning center for teaching. Mayer and others published a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. The world wide web is summary a cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions there are two separate channels auditory and visual for. The theory has largely been defined by mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning. As the air in these updrafts cools, water vapor condenses into water droplets and forms a cloud.
Instructional design instructional systems design isd is the practice of. His most significant works deal with problem solving and multimedia learning. Mayer and roxana moreno university of california, santa barbara research on educational technologiesranging from motion pictures to computerbased. In this clear and concise first edition text, educational psychology scholar richard mayer teaches readers how to apply the science of learning through.
Mayer university of california, santa barbara abstract a fundamental hypothesis underlying research on multimedia learning is that multimedia instructional messages that are designed in light of how the human mind works are more likely to lead to meaningful learning than those that are not. Mayer s cognitive theory of multimedia learning tells us that the words and pictures that we. Sweller, 1999 cognitive load theory and baddeleys 1998 working memory theory. Mayer, 2005 builds on clts principle of a limited working memory capacity. These two simple examples show us mayer s basic principles for multimedia learning in action. Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning ctml incorporates several concepts from both the science of learning how people learn and the science of instruction how to design instruction. This page is a summary of the information detailed in meyer and moreno 2003 and meyer 2010. The underlying premise of applying the science of learning is that educators can better help students learn if they understand the processes through which student learning takes place. The theory has largely been defined by mayer s cognitive theory of multimedia learning.
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning is based on three cognitive science principles of learning. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Instructional designreducing cognitive load in multimedia. Mayer published 2012 a fundamental hypothesis underlying research on multimedia learning is that multimedia instructional messages that are designed in. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer the principle known as the multimedia principle states that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone p. Animation as an aid to multimedia learning richard e. This theory is a sub theory of john swellers cognitive load theory applied especially for multimedia learning, and therefore has many similarities with it. The onscreen text is initially processed through the visual channel and then converted into verbal representations to be integrated with the verbal representations derived.
Mayers principles for multimedia learning instructional design. The role of modality and contiguity roxana moreno and richard e. Three assumptions of a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Beginning with cognitive load theory as their motivating scientific premise, researchers such as richard e. Effect of onscreen text on multimedia learning with. First, we propose a theory of multimedia learning based on the assumptions that humans possess separate systems for processing pictorial and verbal material dualchannel assumption, each channel is limited in the amount of material that can be processed at one time limitedcapacity assumption, and meaningful learning involves cognitive processing including building connections. This from a library multimedia learning richard e mayer for hundreds of years verbal messages such as lectures and printed lessons have been the primary means of. Multimedia principle cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Purpose for the last dozen years, my colleagues and i at the university of california, santa barbara ucsb have been investigating the nature of multimedia learning with a goal of building a researchbased theory of how people learn from words and pictures. Mayer 2011a subsequently adds the science of assessment to the sciences of learning and instruction to form what he calls the big three p. Richard mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning based to a large extent on alan paivios dualcoding theory and john swellers cognitive load theory.
He is the author of multimedia learning cambridge university press, 2001 and editor of the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. Designing multimedia instruction to maximize learning dr. Mayer examines whether people learn more deeply when ideas are expressed in words and pictures rather than in words alone. Richard mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Mayers principles for multimedia learning instructional. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning litfl smile2 ccc. According to mayer and moreno, the verbal auditory channel is responsible for processing music, sound accompanying video, and spoken words. He is the author of multimedia learning cambridge university press, 2001 and editor of the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning cambridge university press, 2005. Third, meaningful learning requires a substantial amount of cognitive processing to take place in the verbal and visual channels. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer learning.
In multimedia learning richard mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal by combining words and pictures for effective teaching. An example of the twoway street between cognition and instruction. In multimedia learning, active processing requires five cognitive processes. Mayer university of california, santa barbara students viewed a computer animation depicting the process of lightning. Richard mayer on multimedia learning my love for learning.
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning is the foundation for the multimedia learning research, and it consists of 3 principles of cognitive science to help guide the understanding on how people learn. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning proposes three main. Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Our basic premise with multimedia learning is that we can learn more deeply from words and pictures. Revising the redundancy principle in multimedia learning. Get the official learning theories in plain english ebook, vol 2 of 2. Mayer1,3 and roxana moreno2 how can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scienti. Mayer s best known contribution to the field of educational psychology is multimedia learning theory.
Although verbal learning offers a powerful tool, mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal. Consider the cognitive theory of multimedia learning by professor richard mayer. Mayer, john sweller, and roxana moreno established within the scientific literature a set of multimedia instructional design principles that promote effective learning. Anderson james lester paul chandler patricia mautone dorothy chun roxana moreno joan gallini jan plass stefan hagmann valerie sims shannon harp hiller spires julie heiser. Mayer and his colleagues at the university of california during the mid 1990s see mayer et al. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning specifies five cognitive processes in multimedia learning. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main. In short, this book summarizes research aimed at realizing the promise of multimedia learning that is, the potential of using words and pictures together to promote human understanding. Multimedia encyclopedias have become the latest addition to students reference tools, and the world wide web is. Many of these principles have been field tested in everyday learning. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning ctml 2 multimedia learning is a cognitive theory of learning which has been popularized by the work of richard e. Recent advances in graphics technology and information technology have prompted new efforts to understand the potential of multimedia learning as a means of promoting human understanding. Multimedia elements such as videos, animation, graphics and voice narrations impact the learning process, and with the advances of technology, it is becoming easier to incorporate these elements into the classroom and in elearning.
His research interests are in applying the science of learning to education, with current projects on multimedia learning, computersupported learning, and computer games for learning. Generally, the theory tries to address the issue of how to. The use of video in the classroom and, by extension, in education generally is currently a subject of heated discussion, not least because of the activities of the khan academy. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning general cognitive theory of multimedia learning is one of the cognitivist learning theories introduced by an american psychology professor richard mayer in the 1990s. Multimedia learning happens when we build mental representations from words and pictures. Presentation format and its effect on working memory. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning sorden. Cognitive theory and frameworks like mayers cognitive theory of. This is the central assumption of wittrocks 1989 generativelearning theory and mayers 1999, 2002 select. Chapter 3 cognitive theory of multimedia learning richard e. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning request pdf. Coherence principle people learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than. Relying on numerous experiments, he distills his findings into 12 principles that constitute in part what he refers to as the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Mayer, julie heiser, and steve lonn university of california, santa barbara in 4 experiments, college students viewed an animation and listened to concurrent narration explaining the formation of lightning.
Mayer university of california, santa barbara abstract people can learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone. Drawing upon 10 years of research, the author provides seven principles for the design of multimedia messages and a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Implications for design principles, authorrichard e. Multimedia learning an overview sciencedirect topics. Mayer takes an evidencebased approach to improving education using welldesigned multimedia instruction. Mayer s 2001, 2005a cognitive theory of multimedia learning, in which the redundant text served to guide the learner s attention without priming extraneous processing. Apr 23, 2001 for hundreds of years verbal messages such as lectures and printed lessons have been the primary means of explaining ideas to learners. Pdf chapter 3 cognitive theory of multimedia learning. To understand how we can most effectively use multimedia instruction, we turn to an expert, dr. In the book multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e.
Mcgrawhill canada richard mayers cognitive theory of. Krathwohl, 2001, swellers1988 cognitive load theory, and also mayer s2003 principles of multimedia learning, with the goal of developing a basic skill for the reader to design learning activities. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning citeseerx. However, simply adding words to pictures is not an effective way to achieve multimedia learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning learning theories. Richard mayer is an american educational psychologist who has made significant contributions to theories of cognition and learning, especially in the design of educational multimedia. This theory is a sub theory of john swellers cognitive load theory applied especially for multimedia learning, and therefore has many. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning 8 studies, which yields testable predictions.
This theory is a sub theory of john sweller s cognitive load theory applied especially for multimedia learning, and. Consistent with the activeprocessing assumption, these processes place demands on the cognitive capacity of. Mayer is distinguished professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara. Richard mayers seminal book multimedia learning details his extensive research on how to structure multimedia materials effectively to maximize learning. Mayer discusses twelve principles that shape the design and organization of multimedia presentations. Pdf 3 cognitive theory of multimedia learning semantic. Mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara, where he has served since 1975. First, we propose a theory of multimedia learning based on the assumptions that humans possess separate systems for processing pictorial and verbal material dualchannel assumption, each channel is limited in the amount of material that can be processed at one time limitedcapacity assumption, and meaningful learning involves cognitive processing including building connections between. Cognitive theory and the design of multimedia instruction. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning, adapted and revised from mayer and johnson 2008, in the context of multimedia learning with onscreen text and accented narration. When presenting more material results in less understanding richard e. The multimedia principle is a theory studied in depth by richard mayer that states words and graphics are more conducive to learning, rather than just text or graphics alone.
Richard mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara. Jun 02, 2017 mayer s theory of multimedia learning. When the surface of the earth is warm, moist air near the earths surface becomes heated and rises rapidly, producing an updraft. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer summary. With his work in multimedia learning, mayer developed the cognitive theory of multimedia learning to explain how multimedia learning works and how we can best use it. In 2001, he set out his principles for multimedia learning, which have become a standardised approach in instructional design methods. In experiment 1, they concurrently viewed onscreen text presented near the animation or far from the. Richard mayer s seminal book multimedia learning details his extensive research on how to structure multimedia materials effectively to maximize learning. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning model depicts all that dualchannel processing going in the learners mind when using multimedia instruction.
Mayer is most known for his work in educational psychology. An oft cited model for the use of animation in education is the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning is one of the cognitivist learning theories introduced by an american psychology professor richard mayer in the 1990s. A cognitive approach to instructional design for multimedia. This, combined with swellers theory of cognitive load and andersons actr cognitive architecture, provides a convincing argument for how humans learn, which leads to the question of how multimedia instruction can be designed to maximize learning. Multimedia learning 1 a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer learning theories.
Principles of multimedia learning center for teaching and. Implications for design principles find, read and cite all the research you need on. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions. In 2001, he set out his principles for multimedia learning, which have become a standardised approach in instructional design methods these principles were expanded upon in e learning and the science of instruction, coauthored by ruth colvin. In this post, i share with you some insights about the cognitive theory of dr. Designing learning activities and instructional systems. Pdf multimedia learning download full pdf book download. The theory is based on the idea that learners learn better when they engage in relevant cognitive. Consistent with the activeprocessing assumption, these processes place demands on the cognitive capacity of the informationprocessing system.
According to mayer, one feature of effective multimedia instruction. Cognitive theory and frameworks like mayer s cognitive theory of. It is a model created by educational psychologist richard e. This seemingly simple proposition which can be called the multimedia learning hypothesis is the main focus of the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning1.
277 746 1192 1412 387 901 1115 403 14 1024 936 1606 231 861 680 1583 53 1395 77 1516 1366 732 55 153 1054 333 1370 1144 1004 1571 664 465 17 505 1470 1145 35 1210 572